A person can take steps to prevent low iron saturation levels.
What to know about low iron saturation.
Low iron saturation occurs when the amount of iron in the blood decreases below the recommended range. People may also refer to this as iron deficiency.
Iron saturation refers to the amount of iron that is present in the blood. Iron is vital for many molecular processes, including muscle metabolism, oxygen transport, and the maintenance of healthy connective tissue.
People usually obtain sufficient iron from the diet. However, some individuals may experience low iron, which can lead to iron-deficiency anemia. In those with this condition, the blood lacks adequate red blood cells due to a shortage of iron.
There are different stages of iron deficiency and iron depletion. These include:
-Mild deficiency or storage iron depletion: The level of iron and the serum ferritin concentration in the bone marrow decrease.
-Marginal deficiency or iron-deficient erythropoiesis: There is a depletion in the body’s iron stores, and the supply of iron to erythropoietic cells decreases, causing a reduction in transferrin saturation. However, hemoglobin levels may remain within the normal range.
Iron deficiency anemia: The exhaustion of iron stores causes hematocrit and hemoglobin levels to decrease. The red blood cells appear small and have low hemoglobin concentrations.
A variety of tests measure the level of iron in the blood. The normal range of iron saturation can vary from person to person, and it can change over time depending on a person’s health.
The three measurements of Iron saturation
1. Transferrin
2. Total iron-binding capacity (TIBC)
3. Serum
Symptoms
A person with a low iron saturation in the blood may experience various symptoms of iron deficiency. The most common include:
-pale skin
-brittle nails or spooning of the nails
-swollen or sore tongue
-chest pain
-poor concentration
-tiredness
-headaches
-dizziness
-shortness of breath
-weakness
-heart palpitations
-hair loss
-restless legs
-unusual cravings for non-food items, such as ice or paint.
Common causes of low iron saturation include:
-blood loss: such as from bleeding in the gastrointestinal or urinary tract
-certain rare genetic conditions, such as hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia
-intestinal and digestive conditions that cause problems with iron absorption, etc.
Treatment for low iron saturation
A person with a low iron saturation level may need to take medicinal iron to increase their saturation level. Medicinal iron contains more iron than multivitamins. Most adults with iron deficiency require 2–5 mg of iron per kilogram of body weight per day.
Experts do not generally recommend iron supplements for people who do not have iron deficiency anemia, as too much iron can damage the organs.
A person can also take other vitamins that improve iron absorption, such as vitamin C.
In cases where the gastrointestinal tract has difficulty absorbing iron, the intravenous delivery of iron — meaning through a blood vessel — may be necessary.
People with severe iron deficiency anemia may require a red blood cell transfusion. This procedure quickly increases the number of red blood cells and iron in the blood and improves iron saturation.
A person can also make lifestyle changes to increase their iron saturation levels. These changes may include: eating a diet rich in iron avoiding certain food items that reduce iron absorption, such as black tea increasing the intake of vitamin C to help the body absorb iron.
Prevention
A person can take steps to prevent low iron saturation levels.
For example, they can eat plenty of iron-rich foods, which include:meat and poultry seafood leafy green vegetables, such as broccoli and kale
legumes, such as pinto beans and black-eyed peas
iron-enriched pasta, grains, rice, and cereals.
They can also follow a diet that promotes the absorption of iron into the blood. While vitamin C may increase the bioavailability of iron, experts believe that calcium decreases it.
A person with known risk factors for low iron saturation can reduce their risk by regularly screening for iron deficiency anemia.
Parents and caregivers can help prevent low iron saturation in infants by ensuring that they meet their daily recommended iron intake.
An iron-fortified formula can also help a child meet their iron needs. Once a child begins eating solid food, it is important to introduce foods that contain iron.
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